azar aki,mon montana, you are next. stay on our republican line. caller: yes, abzurki, montana. i do not think president obama can keep his pledge not -- on not raising taxes on the middle class. i am disabled and receive social security disability, so i think i can relate to the many seniors in this country whose numbers will be growing also. the thing is, very often i don't have to pay income taxes, however i pay real estate taxes, i pay sales taxes, i pay corporate income taxes. i believe that president obama is an intelligent individual, as are the democrats in congress. and i don't know if they just don't want to eanl that corporate income taxes are passed -- to acknowledge that corporate income taxes are passed on to consumers or that ultimately individuals pay taxes. and whether or not you are in a high-income tax bracket, a middle income tax bracket, or don't pay any income taxes, ultimately all taxes are paid biby individuals. >> if you follow up, you can send us a -- "-- "that promise was made before we knew the depth of the recession. i think we need a value-added tax